Articles and Charter
PREAMBLE: The sovereign ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™ Government adopts and legislates the Bills of Exchange Act 1882 (c. 61) in order to rename it as the Bills of Exchange Law as the official Charter governed by Common law jurisdiction with definitions and interpretations pursuant to the ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™ Government longhouse laws. The adoption process of these laws as a Charter and Article is to provide equitable commercial remedies in fair trade and commerce between sovereign nations with the sovereign ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™ Credit Group, the ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™ Government and the ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™ Supreme Court of Kanata, Turtle Island.
This adoption offers recognition, credit and gratitude to Her Majesty the Queen, Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor born on April 21, 1926 in her private capacity DBA Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada in a public capacity, Buckingham Palace, England for her Royal Assent process.
Bills of Exchange Law 1882
Charter – International Bill of Exchange (IBOE) aka Bill of Exchange Law (BOEL)
A) Directors of SSCG™ collectively agree to adopt and credit the explanation of the IBOE and/or BOE from the source described below because the latest versions presented on the internet confuses the laws with Admiralty/Maritime jurisdiction legal interpretations and definitions. We understand that Allied Irish Banks p.l.c. 2000, AIB Trade Finance Services is a part of Allied Irish Banks p.l.c. Registered in Ireland: Registered Number is 024173. Allied Irish Banks p.l.c. is regulated by the Financial Regulator, Registered Office: Bank centre, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, Ireland, its Bill of Exchange Act definition is simple and easy to understand, therefore its adopted as the Charter and Articles of the SSCG™:
B) “A Bill of Exchange is one of the key financial instruments in International Trade. The laws regulating Bills of Exchange in different countries come under two different legal spheres of influence:
- Bills of Exchange Act (1882) - United Kingdom
- Geneva Conventions of 1930
The Bill of Exchange Law is defined as follows:
Bill of Exchange Act (1882) - United Kingdom
"A Bill of Exchange is an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person, or to bearer".
Convention providing a uniform law for Bills of Exchange and promissory notes (Geneva, 1930) The League of Nations.
Under Article 1 of the above convention a Bill of Exchange must contain:
- The term "Bill of Exchange" inserted in the body of the instrument and expressed in the language employed in drawing up the instrument.
- An unconditional order to pay a determinate sum of money.
- The name of the person who is to pay.
- A statement of the time of payment.
- A statement of the place where payment is to be made;
- The name of the person to whom or to whose order payment is to be made;
- A statement of the date and of the place where the bill is issued;
- The signature of the person who issues the bill.
The Parties to a Bill of Exchange - definitions:
(1) The Drawer - Is the party that issues a Bill of Exchange in an international trade transaction; usually the seller.
(2) The Drawee - Is the recipient of the Bill of Exchange for payment or acceptance in an international trade transaction; usually the buyer.
(3) The Payee - Is the party to whom the Bill is payable; usually the seller or their bankers.
Most countries have adopted codified laws on Bills of Exchange. The legal codes in such countries have created laws that follow the rules agreed at the Geneva Conventions in order to standardize the control of Bills of Exchange. The United Kingdom Bills of Exchange Act 1882 is the basis for rules governing Bills of Exchange in Ireland, U.K. and Commonwealth countries that were part of the British Empire. These countries follow a common law framework to create and modify statutes.
In relation to the most fundamental aspects of a Bill of Exchange the two sets of rules are similar in that both identify the following:
- A Bill of Exchange is an unconditional order to pay a specific amount of money.
- The Bill of Exchange must state a particular time of payment.
- The Bill of Exchange must contain the name of the person who is to pay.
There are, however, certain differences between the Bills of Exchange Act (1882) and the Geneva Convention. In particular the United Kingdom Act sets out fewer formal requirements for example:
- The term "Bill of Exchange", which is an integral part of the physical Bill according to the Geneva Convention, need not be written on the Bill.
- Bills can be made payable to 'bearer'.
- The place and date of issue are also not obligatory parts of the Bill.
The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) mission is to harmonize Trade laws to benefit mankind and Earth.
The function of the Bill of Exchange in International Trade;
- Facilitates the granting of trade credit in a legal format by permitting payments on agreed future dates.
- Provides formal evidence of the demand for payment from a seller to a buyer.
- Provides the seller with access to finance by permitting them to transfer their debts to a bank or other financier by merely endorsing the Bill of Exchange to that bank or financier.
- Permits the banker or financier to retain a valid legal claim on both the buyer and the seller. In certain circumstances a bank or financier may have a stronger legal claim under a Bill than the party that sold them the debt.
- Permits a seller to obtain greater security over the payment by enabling a bank to guarantee a drawee's acceptance (guarantee to pay on the due date) by signing or endorsing the Bill. (See Guaranteed Bills of Exchange below)
- Allows a seller protect their access to the legal system in the event of problems, while providing easier access to that legal system.
The Bill of Exchange in international trade: A Bill of Exchange can either be payable immediately or at some future date;
- If a Bill is payable immediately, it is usually issued payable at sight. The term "at sight" means that a buyer should pay once they have sighted the Bill and that is once the demand for payment has been made.
- If a Bill is payable at some future date, it must facilitate the calculation of the actual due date. For example Bills of Exchange may be drawn payable at 60 days sight, at 60 days from Bill of Lading Date etc.
Guaranteed Bills of Exchange: To provide greater payment security a seller may look to have a Bill of Exchange guaranteed by the underwriter, ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™ Supreme Court Registry. A guaranteed Bill of Exchange is one drawn on and accepted by the buyer and to which, the buyer's bank has added its guarantee that the Bill will be paid at maturity. The security to a seller comes from a bank giving an undertaking to effect payment on a certain date regardless of the financial standing of a buyer on that date.
Supplementary
9.0 Good faith: A thing is deemed to be done in good faith, within the meaning of this Law, where it is in fact done honestly, whether it is done negligently or not.
10.0 Signature
10.1 Where, by this Law, any instrument or writing is required to be signed by any person it is not necessary that he should sign it with his own hand, but it is sufficient if his signature is written thereon by some other person by or under his authority.
10.2 In the case of a corporation, where, by this Law, any instrument or writing is required to be signed, it is sufficient if the instrument or writing be sealed with the corporate seal.
But nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring the bill or note of a corporation to be under seal.
11.0 Computation of time: Where, by this Law, the time limited for doing any act or thing is less than three days, in reckoning time.
The sovereign ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™ Credit Group issued Bills of Exchange, Bank Notes, Promissory Notes, Cheques are not negotiable and deemed true in value by the stroke of the pen to paper. There are no discounting or recourse of bills, once the Payee settles the debt and the Drawee honors the transaction, the account is rendered with a zero balance and closed.
12.0 All financing is subject to credit approval by SSCG and supported by the underwriter, ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™ Supreme Court Registry.
C) Currency: ©SSCG™ has its own currency known by name as ©Universal Private Trading Credit™ (UPTC™) that was noticed in April 2007 to all existing credit bureaus and banks; Bank of America, Citibank, JP Morgan Chase Manhattan Bank. This currency is not taxed, bears no interest or usury fees and is not governed by inflation rates, this sets the foundation for the private accounts with SSCG™. UTPC™ = Universal Trading Private Credit currency is a Good Faith published Name on December 31, 2005 to a Copyright Trademark Name Notice in the Delta Optimist as a monetary corporate entity with all rights reserved and protected and registered by domain #7001-1 under receipt #57907455 on January 24, 2007. What separates this financial institution from regular bank/credit card companies is that it is not registered therefore it is not controlled by the New World Order and it has its own named currency, “©Universal Trading Private Credit™” is new competition for the Euro and Amero as a tax free, interest free and inflation free currency;
D) Assets and Collateral of SSCG™: The SSCG system is backed by ‘true’ value of contracts to credit the Family Name of Irene-Maus: Gravenhorst™, President of SSCG™. Irene offered her contracts to value the real estate belonging to Royal Hereditary Chief Kiapilano™ of the ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™™ Nation government pursuant to the Bills of Exchange Act in Good Faith. Siyam ©Kiapilanoq/CAPILANO™ accepted the value of the contracts and monetized them by attaching the contracts to the real estate of the ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™™ Nation lands. Furthermore, the natural resources of the lands on ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™™ Nation territory present an additional security to the contracts that back the new hard lawful currency UTPC™ with gold resources that remain with Earth. The proposed use of this new currency is reported to the UN and respective credit bureaus. Finally, Kenneth D. Lewis of the Bank of America is the Named Third Party Fiduciary Debt Holder to an MBNA contract issued on April, 2008 for $7,812,756,075,252.48T UTPC™. Copies of digitized contracts are provided to interested parties upon request for a fee. CCRA, Remax, Prudential, BCREC, MBNA, North Shore Credit Union, Van City, CIBC, Judges and their lawyers are in a lien position and understand that the remedy to secure the credit of the liens is to proceed with foreclosure. Irene’s services charges on unpaid liens are $3B per day of hard lawful currency. Siyam Kiapilanoq/CAPILANO™ has a Bills of Costs registered in Affidavit #2 at the Supreme Court of BC to name him as the Creditor pursuant to contract law which earns him $9T of hard lawful currency per day for the Debtors failure to settle pursuant to the Bills of Exchange Laws.
E) Third Party Notice: Third Party interference is strictly enforced by the Privacy Act governed by the Privacy Commissioner of Canada to benefit and protect members of SSCG™ and account holders. The mission of the Office of the Privacy Commissioner’s (OPC) is to protect and promote the privacy rights of individuals. OPC mandate is to oversee compliance with the Privacy Act which covers the personal information-handling practices of federal government departments and agencies and the personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), Canada’s private sector privacy law. THEREFORE no third party from any jurisdiction is permitted to interfere with private bi-lateral account holders under any circumstances, without exceptions. This means that no auditors, tax agencies, accountants, law firms, department of Just’Us, public or private corporate or government entities may lay a claim to obtain information from the credit account members at the SSCG™. The private bi-lateral contractual terms and conditions contained herein are confidential to agree in a ‘meeting of the minds’ between the autographed parties of each account.
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Consented and Accepted pursuant to Common law jurisdiction governance and defined and interpreted pursuant to ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™ longhouse laws as a peaceful commercial remedy by final order and estoppel for fair trade and commerce on Land, by Siyam Kiapilanoq/CAPILANO™, Leader for the sovereign ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™ Government this 30th day of March, 2008, ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™, Kanata, Turtle Island.
Autograph per:
 Siyam ©Kiapilanoq/CAPILANO™
Sovereign Hereditary Leader for the sovereign ©Squamish / Skwxwú7mesh™™ Government
Agreed to by:
©IMGravenhorst-Kiapilanoq/CAPILANO™
Notary for Underwriter with Assurance Protection
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